Wikipedia:Computer Hardware
-collection of physical elements that comprise a computer system
-history:
-1800s-punch card technology
-1880s-punch card data storage, ie:IBM, US census
-1920s-desktop calculating
-1940s-mechanical and electrical analog computers, Stibitz digital computing in binary form,EUVAC
-1950s-IBM 701-first mainframe computer, Wilkes invented micro programming, IBM introduces first disk drive, network to network intercommunication
-1960s-Intel single chip micro processing
-1970s-first person computer with floppy disk
-Mainframe computers aka Big Iron: are powerful computers used by corporate and government organizations for critical applications, bulk data processing, enterprise resource planning (?) and transaction processing
-Mainframe refers to the large cabinets that housed the central processing units and main memory of early computers
-Mainframes reference the difference between high-end commercial machines from less powerful units
-Minicomputers in a class of multi-user computers, class of mid range computers, ie: SPARC and Sun Microsystems
-Personal Computers: general purpose computers used by individuals, intended to be operated directly by an end-user without intervening computer operator.
Wikipedia:Computer Software
-Collection of computer programs and data
-Provides instruction to the tell the computer what to do and how to do it
-Refers to to one or more computer programs and data held in storage of the computer for some purpose
-Program software preforms the function of the program it implements either by direct instruction or serving and input to another piece of of software
-Until 1980s software was bundled with hardware
1985 IBM releases DOS source for free...leading to Microsoft
USER<-->APPLICATION<-->OPERATING SYSTEM-->HARDWARE
Digitization-Is It Worth It? Lee
-Digitization- the conversation of analog media to digital form
-Creation of a still digital facsimile of a source item
-Real unit cost of digitalizing an item could be 3 - 4x the amount estimated
-Benefits of digitization:increased access, preservation, meeting an institutes strategic goals (?)
-Digitization liberates the document from the constraints of traditional access methods
-ROI evaluation cost of launching digitization project vs. resources towards traditional collection development
NYT - European Library Face Problem with Digitization - Carvajal
-Problem faced by European Digital Library is lack of funds to digitalized everything it wants
-What will the business model look like to pair public institutions needs and service with private corporate backing for online digitalizing access?
-How will it be sustainable?
-Goal of the European digitization project is to create a balance to Googles massive corporate digitialization plans
-a non American intrepreation of European literature, history and politics
-European institutions still open to relationship with Google, but many with reservations regarding dynamics of relationship.
Wikipedia:Data Compression
-Involves encoding information using fewer bits than the digital representation would use
-advantage:helps reduce consumption of hard disk space or bandwidth
-negative:must be decompressed to be used that requires extra processing time and may effect running of some software
-loss less compression of algorithms to represent data consistently without error
-Lossy data compression involves perceptual coding
-with existing compression algorithms could currently store 4.5 X more information on existing systems
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